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The SMPTE colour bars, developed by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), are a test pattern used to calibrate and ensure the accurate reproduction of colours in video and broadcast systems. This pattern consists of eight vertical bars, each displaying a specific colour, including white, yellow, cyan, green, magenta, red, blue, and black. The colour bars help technicians and engineers evaluate signal strength, chroma, hue, and brightness in video displays. The SMPTE colour bars are essential for maintaining consistency and quality in video production and broadcasting. They enable the detection and correction of distortions, such as colour bleeding or shifting, that might occur during transmission. By adjusting the display or equipment settings, engineers can match the colour bars' reference values, ensuring an optimal viewing experience for audiences. In addition to the primary colours, SMPTE colour bars also feature grayscale sections called the PLUGE (Picture Line-Up Generation Equipment) pattern. These sections help calibrate black levels and contrast on a display, further enhancing the image's accuracy and quality. Overall, the SMPTE colour bars serve as an indispensable tool in the world of video production, allowing for the precise calibration and maintenance of colours, ensuring the highest possible quality in video broadcasts and displays.